How do Latin American women in London navigate experiences of racialised femininity and hypersexuality based on mainstream media and community expectations?

Through interviews, I investigated how Latin American women view media representations and their interpretations of 'hypersexualisation' - what it means to them, whether they have experienced it, and whether it is tied to media representation of Latin American women. 

I found six key findings, which were the following:

The Power of Visual Imagery

When asked about representation in media they consumed, women primarily discussed U.S. visual imagery and how these shaped dominant ideas of Latin American women. Latin American celebrities with an international presence were also referenced. Women acknowledged the importance of dominant representations while critiquing how they remain exclusionary and reinforce stereotypes.

Latin American women named significant representatives were Jennifer Lopez, KAROL G, Anitta, Shakira, Sofia Vergara, and Anya-Taylor Joy. There were mixed attitudes towards these women; for instance, while women celebrated their achievements, there was criticism that they had more Eurocentric features. Women of African, Asian, and Indigenous descent felt excluded, feeling that visual imagery still has a long way to go. Brazilian women also felt excluded as more focus was on representing Spanish speakers.

British Mainstream Media

Participants noted a lack of representation in British mainstream media, which may have also impacted how non-Latin Americans in London perceive Latin American women. In the absence of media representation, women explored depictions of Latin American identity and femininity in London through community spaces and alternative media. These included the Colombian Consulate, which has a very active role in the celebration of Colombian heritage, and 'Popola', the queer Latinx and Afro-Caribbean night club. One participant identified 'My Uncle Is Not Pablo Escobar', a play performed at the Brixton House, as the first time they felt represented as British-Latinx.

The internet emerged as an important source for finding representation. Some used TikTok to locate other Latin Americans in London. The internet also provided access to streaming services, where women could access Latin American visual media or listen to Latin American artists.

The Latin American Body in Constructing Identity

All participants discussed how there was a stereotypical imagination of what Latin American bodies should look like from non-Latin Americans - petite, slim, curvy, and tanned, but light skin. Most notably, there was excessive focus placed on the idea of having large buttocks - the absence and presence of large buttocks were then used by non-Latin Americans to determine whether a woman 'looks' Latin American or not. 

The Latin American body was also frequently discussed regarding movement - women were expected to be able to dance. Furthermore, one woman discussed how she felt that non-Latin American men draw a correlation between the ability to dance and the ability to perform well during sex.

Women shared how they felt that their bodies were more openly commented on, suggesting a sense of entitlement to Latin American bodies - women were either told their body 'gave away' that they were Latin American, that their body did not 'look' Latin American or asked invasive questions about cosmetic surgery.

Perceptions from the British General Population

Women felt that heterosexual cisgender men, irrespective of ethnic background, were the primary perpetrators of attributing hypersexuality to Latin American women. The ‘Latin American’ identity was seen as a 'fetish' or 'type' to be consumed for sexual gratification - for instance, when a woman's Latin American identity is revealed, she becomes seen as 'more' attractive. However, this sentiment was not just limited to men, with one woman sharing how British populations, and 'Westerners' more broadly, perceive Latin American women as a 'sexual' group, which directly opposed how she perceived herself. 

The perception of Latin American women was heterogeneous - some women shared generally favourable treatment of their Latin American identity. In contrast, others experienced derogatory comments related to migration status or dating men for citizenship, even if they were born in London.

Is there a pressure to conform?

Most women felt a degree of pressure to conform to the stereotype of Latin American women, but this did not mean they acted on it. The pressure was predominantly rooted in the expectations non-Latin Americans placed on them based on U.S. media representation. Women who grew up in Latin America discussed being unaware of these stereotypes before migration, which came as a cultural shock. Some women have internally questioned whether they are Latin American enough' as they fall outside of the imagined appearance and behaviour of what Latin American women should look like - this included wearing clothes women were not entirely comfortable in or behaving more friendly than they usually would.

There was a duality in conformity to stereotypes—for some women, conformity was a way to access new opportunities. For instance, one woman shared how she will send headshots for acting roles that are 'sexier' as she is aware that directors are looking for this in Latin American actresses. Another woman shared how they may lean into the assumption that they can dance within dating as they can benefit from it.

However, the pressure to conform has dangerous impacts - women who were born in London or migrated at a young age were most impacted by pressure to conform, which led them to behave in ways they now consider age-inappropriate. Most notably, women felt they needed to act 'sexually' from a young age as, despite being teenagers, Latin American women born and raised in London thought they 'had to' project a sexy image as the imagination of the hyper-sexualised Latin American women was ever-present in their lives growing up. 

Skin Tone and Ethnicity

Not all women experienced hyper-sexualisation the same - instead, women felt that skin tone and their physical appearance impacted the intensity of how they were sexualised. Women of African descent discuss a double sexualisation - one participant shared that they were perceived as 'exotic' because they were Colombian. Then, their Blackness elevates this sexualisation to a higher degree as they are objectified through exoticised curiosity. In a similar dynamic, women of Asian descent discuss a similar phenomenon - one woman discussed how she was initially sexualised through the lens of Asian women as 'submissive' or a 'sexual geisha'; however, once revealing her Brazilian identity, the way she was sexualised shifted to match stereotypes of Latin American women. Women of Indigenous descent experienced a dichotomy - one woman discussed how her skin tone and ethnicity were sexualised, which led to her being allocated to sexual acting roles. However, there was also an expectation to be 'whiter'. This led her to avoid tanning and having her initial acting headshots over-exposed.

Latin American women who identified as 'white-passing' or 'European-presenting' discussed the levels of privilege they experience in being able to 'hide' their identity. For instance, if women were in situations where Latin American women were being openly sexualised, they could decide not to disclose their identity. However, the appearance of light skin and dark features still led to sexualisation as one woman described her appearance in terms of and discussed that this was 'exciting' for non-Latin American men.

Concluding thoughts

The London Latin American community are institutionally invisible, yet Latin American women's bodies are highly visible because of their racialised sexuality. I end by foregrounding the need for British Latin American representation. Without official statistics, we cannot develop accurate research, as we are unaware of the demographics of Latin American communities. The London Latin American community has been present for decades. Further research is requisite to understand London Latin American women's voices and their myriad experiences.